Peptides
Browse practical articles on peptide types, use cases, and expected outcomes.
Peptides articles
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Articles
Are Peptides Legal?Regulatory Economics Explained
Peptide legality in the United States depends on FDA approval, prescribing, compounding, research-only sales, and sports rules. Each category has different limits.
How to Stack PeptidesThe Complete Guide
A useful peptide stack starts with the limiting problem: appetite, lean mass, injury repair, mitochondrial energy, skin, growth hormone, or immune support.
Read guideWhere to Inject PeptidesCompound-Level Breakdown
Injection site depends on the compound, route, and treatment goal. Compare abdominal, thigh, arm, local, intramuscular, and nasal use across common peptides and blends.
Read guideGH Releasing PeptidesSecretagogue Comparison
Compare growth hormone secretagogues by clinical use, hormone-release pattern, evidence, side effects, regulatory status, and studied dosing.
Read guideAnti-Aging
NAD+Injections & IV Therapy
NAD+ supports cellular energy and repair, but delivery routes are not interchangeable. IV therapy, injections, NR, and NMN differ in absorption, evidence, and dosing.
SS-31Elamipretide
SS-31, or elamipretide, targets damaged mitochondrial membranes and is FDA-approved for Barth syndrome. Other energy and longevity uses remain investigational.
Read guideGHK-CuCopper Peptide
GHK-Cu is a copper-binding peptide studied for skin repair, collagen production, scars, and hair growth. Topical evidence is stronger than claims made for injectable use.
Read guideEpitalonTelomerase Activator
Epitalon is a short peptide studied for telomerase activity, sleep, and age-related outcomes. Much of the human evidence comes from older Russian studies with important limits.
Read guidePinealonNeuroprotective Peptide
Pinealon, or EDR, is a short peptide studied for neuron protection and cognitive aging. Most evidence comes from small studies with limited independent replication.
Read guideMetabolic / GH
MOTS-cMitochondrial Peptide
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide studied for metabolic adaptation and exercise response. Research protocols cover dosing, reconstitution, timing, and stacking with SS-31 and NAD+.
AOD-9604Fat Loss Fragment
AOD-9604 is a growth hormone fragment studied for fat loss. Human obesity trials were disappointing, and current use rests on limited evidence rather than an approved indication.
Read guideTesamorelinGHRH Analog
Tesamorelin is FDA-approved to reduce excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Trials define its growth hormone effects, side effects, and monitoring.
Read guideSermorelinPioneer GH Peptide
Sermorelin stimulates the pituitary to release growth hormone. It was FDA-approved in 1997 and withdrawn in 2008 for commercial reasons, not a newly identified safety problem.
Read guideIpamorelinCleaner GH Pulse
Ipamorelin stimulates a short growth hormone pulse with less hunger, cortisol, ACTH, and prolactin release than older GHRPs. Evidence and studied timing define its likely role.
Read guideHealing & Tissue Repair
BPC-157Body Protection Compound
BPC-157 and Pentadeca Arginate are related repair compounds, but the arginate salt changes stability rather than creating a new mechanism. Human evidence remains limited.
TB-500Thymosin Beta-4 frag 17-23
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment associated with thymosin beta-4 research on cell migration and tissue repair. Human evidence for gray-market TB-500 protocols remains limited.
Read guideARA-290Cibinetide
ARA-290, also called cibinetide, is an EPO-derived peptide studied for nerve pain and tissue repair. Human trials show where symptoms improved and where evidence remains limited.
Read guideImmune
Thymosin Alpha-1Immune Re-Education
Thymosin alpha-1, also called thymalfasin, changes immune signaling without broadly suppressing it. Clinical evidence varies by infection, cancer, and immune-related use.
KPVAnti-Inflammatory Tripeptide
KPV is a three-amino-acid peptide studied for inflammatory signaling in the gut, skin, mast cells, and brain-injury models. Human clinical evidence is still missing.
Read guideVIPImmune Tolerance Orchestrator
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, or VIP, affects immune balance, gut barrier function, blood flow, and circadian rhythm. Evidence depends on the condition and delivery route.
Read guideCognitive
SemaxNeuroprotection & Cognitive Restoration
Semax is an experimental peptide studied for cognition and recovery after neurological injury. Nasal and injectable dosing differ; N-acetyl Semax and Adamax have separate sections.
Read guideSelankCalming Anxiety Without Sedation
Selank is an experimental peptide studied for anxiety without the sedation or dependence associated with some conventional drugs. Evidence is concentrated in Russian research.
Read guideOther
MelanotanMT-I vs MT-II Pharmacology
Melanotan I and Melanotan II differ in receptor selectivity, approved-drug history, sexual effects, and safety concerns. Neither is FDA-approved as a tanning drug.
Read guideDSIPSleep Architecture Peptide
DSIP is an experimental peptide studied for sleep structure, stress signaling, and circadian regulation. Human findings are mixed, and no standard clinical dosing protocol exists.
Read guide